A Security-by-Design Decision-Making Model for Risk Management in Autonomous Vehicles

Autonomous/self-driving vehicles have gained significant attention these days, as one of the intelligent transportation systems. However, those vehicles have risks related to their physical implementation and security against cyber threats. Therefore, this study proposes a new security-by-design model for estimating the uncertainty of autonomous vehicles and measuring cyber risks; thus it assists decision-makers in addressing the risks of the physical design and their attack surfaces. The proposed model is developed using neutrosophic sets that efficiently tackle multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems with extensive conflicting criteria and alternatives. The proposed model integrates MCDM, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison (MABAC), and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations II (PROMETHEE II), along with single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs). An illustrative case considering ten risks in self-driving vehicles is used to validate the feasibility of the proposed model. Compared to the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed model is considered consistent and reliable to deal with and represent uncertainty and incomplete risk information using neutrosophic sets

CMMI-CM compliance checking of formal BPMN models using Maude

From the perspective of business process improvement models, a business process which is compliant with best practices and standards (e.g. CMMI) is necessary for defining almost all types of contracts and government collaborations. In this thesis, we propose a formal pre-appraisal approach for Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) compliance checking based on a Maude-based formalization of business processes in Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). The approach can be used to assess the designed business process compliance with CMMI requirements as a step leading to a full appraisal application. In particular, The BPMN model is mapped into Maude, and the CMMI compliance requirements are mapped into Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) then the Maude representation of the model is model checked against the LTL properties using the Maude’s LTL model checker. On the process model side, BPMN models may include structural issues that hinder their design. In this thesis, we propose a formal characterization and semantics specification of well-formed BPMN processes using the formalization of rewriting logic (Maude) with a focus on data-based decision gateways and data objects semantics. Our formal specification adheres to the BPMN standards and enables model checking using Maude’s LTL model checker. The proposed semantics is formally proved to be sound based on the classical workflow model soundness definition. On the compliance requirements side, CMMI configuration management process is used as a source of compliance requirements which then are mapped through compliance patterns into LTL properties. Model checking results of Maude based implementation are explained based on a compliance grading scheme. Examples of CMMI configuration management processes are used to illustrate the approach

Sustainable Manufacturing Evaluation Based on Enterprise Industry 4.0 Technologies

Most studies in recent decades focused on transforming linear economics into circular through recovering and remanufacturing the products. Circular Economies (CE) aim to minimize the usage of resources by utilizing the waste in production as new or raw materials. Interconnectivity between parties in the industrial system provides decision-makers with rich information and anticipation of failure. Industry 4.0 technologies (I4.0) allow for handling such issues, protecting the environment by utilizing resources efficiently, and restructuring the industry to be smarter as well. This paper contributes to achieving cleaner production (CP), CE, and social for manufacturers through the linkage between 6R methodology with new technologies of I4.0 such as Blockchain technology (BCT) and big data analytical technology (BDA). In this paper, the authors proposed a Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) decision framework based on the best-worst method (BWM), Decision-Making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS). The authors contributed to addressing the weaknesses and problems of these subjective MCDM methods through the cooperation of the neutrosophic theory with the usage of MCDM methods in this work. In the first stage, all criteria that influence sustainable manufacturer selection are specified using literature research on this topic. BWM-based neutrosophic theory was combined to get the criteria’s weights with the aid of DEMATEL-based neutrosophic to obtain the least and best criteria used in BWM in the second stage. The optimal sustainable manufacturer was selected based on TOPSIS and COPRAS under neutrosophic theory in the third and fourth stages, respectively. Furthermore, a case study performed indicated manufacturer 2 (A2) is an optimal sustainable manufacturer in two ranking methods otherwise, manufacturer 4 (A4) is the worst sustainable manufacturer. The contribution of this work is to propose a hybrid MCDM with an uncertainty theory of neutrosophic for sustainable manufacturer selection based BDA-BCT with 6R. Sensitivity analyses were carried out to show the decision’s flexibility in various scenarios. Finally, the consequences for management viewpoints were considered

A Comprehensive Framework for Evaluating Sustainable Green Building Indicators under an Uncertain Environment

The development of sustainable green buildings (GBs) is a major contribution to the preservation of the environment. Sustainable thinking in GB construction is not a supplementary element, but rather necessary to achieve the building’s functional, economic, and environmental efficiency in order to preserve resources and meet current and future needs. In particular, developing countries can apply the idea of sustainability in GBs by following international policies and standards, combined with their local characteristics, to construct GBs that are aligned with the environment and are in line with the available local capabilities and resources. The paper focuses on the dimensions and indicators of sustainable design for GBs in developing countries to achieve the positive dimensions of building sustainability, such as preserving energy and natural resources, water management, adaptation to the surrounding environment, and respecting the needs of its users. We assess and prioritize the dimensions and indicators of GBs through the use of a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method under a neutrosophic environment. Initially, the Delphi method is employed to capture preference and to determine the dimensions and their indicators in addition to provide preference among sub-indicators. The relative importance of the selected dimensions and indicators is assessed through the analytical hierarchy method (AHP) method. The results indicate that the water efficiency dimension is the most significant, with a weight of 0.330, while the energy efficiency dimension is the least significant for GBs in developing countries, with a weight of 0.100. The paper concludes with a set of administrative implications for applying sustainable development strategies in GBs